未来提高胰腺癌临床诊治效果的十大方向

胰腺癌是恶性程度极高的消化系统肿瘤。近10年来, 由于治疗理念的更新和有效治疗方案的普及, 其治疗效果有所提高。然而, 胰腺癌总体疗效仍不尽如人意, 患者5年生存率仍仅为10%左右。如何进一步提高胰腺癌诊治水平, 是未来肿瘤学研究和临床实践的头等大事。作者团队基于既往临床和科研经验, 针对胰腺癌早期预防、早诊早治、分子分型、精准治疗、新药开发、方案联合、手术技术和策略改变、模型建立和数据库开发、传统中医药的创新和治疗理念的突破等, 提出十大热点和未来方向供大家参考。期待未来十年中, 胰腺癌诊治研究有突破性进展, 真正做到"可防可控"。     

近3年国家自然科学基金对于肺癌领域的资助情况分析

目的分析2018—2020年度国家自然科学基金（NSFC）对肺癌领域的资助情况。 方法以"肺癌"或者"肺恶性肿瘤"为关键词检索既往3年NSFC的申请和资助情况，并进行整理与分析。 结果近3年肺癌领域NSFC共资助了751项，其中青年项目348项，面上项目330项，两种项目类型在年龄、职称、身份分布方面存在较大的差异。 结论肺癌领域是NSFC资助的热点之一，竞争非常激烈，申请人需不断增强自身实力。     

2004－2016年我国结核病流行的时空特征分析

目的 分析2004-2016年我国结核病登记病例的时空分布特征,探测聚集区域,为结核病防控提供理论依据。方法 利用ArcGIS 10.0软件作为数据管理和呈现的平台,建立我国2004-2016年结核病空间分析数据库,对结核病疫情进行空间自相关分析,采用SaTScan 9.6软件进行时空扫描分析。结果 2004-2016年全国共登记结核病病例13 157 794例,全国年均登记率为75.90/10万(27.95/10万~180.82/10万)。全局空间自相关结果显示结核病发病呈聚集性分布,局部Moran''s I自相关分析结果表明,新疆、西藏、贵州、广西和海南(省、自治区)为高-高聚集区域,北京、河北、天津、山东、江苏、上海(省、直辖市)为低-低聚集区域;局部G统计量热点分析结果显示,全国结核病疫情存在15个"热点"区域,其中3个"正热点"区域分别为新疆、西藏和海南(省、自治区), 12个"负热点"区域分别为北京、天津、辽宁、内蒙古、河北、山东、江苏、安徽、上海、山西、河南和吉林(省、自治区、直辖市)。利用SaTScan 9.6软件进行分阶段时空扫描分析,3个阶段共探测出12个聚集区域,每个聚集区域差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 2004-2016年我国结核病疫情呈现逐年下降的趋势,各省(自治区、直辖市)的年均登记率并非随机分布,呈明显的空间聚集性,分阶段时空扫描聚集区域逐渐减少,结核病防治工作取得一定进展,但高风险地区仍持续存在,需重点关注并采取针对性防控措施。     

Predictors of Occlusion of Hepatic Blood Vessels after Irreversible Electroporation of Liver Tumors

PurposeTo examine predictors of midterm occlusion in portal and hepatic veins within or adjacent to the ablation zone after irreversible electroporation (IRE) of liver tumors.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort analysis included 39 patients who underwent CT-guided IRE of liver tumors. Vessels within or adjacent to the ablation zone were identified on CT images acquired immediately after the procedure, and the positional relationships with the ablation zone (within/adjacent), locations (proximal/distal), and diameters (< 4 mm or ≥ 4 mm) were evaluated. Using contrast-enhanced follow-up scans, each vessel was classified as patent, stenosed, or occluded. Associations between vessel occlusion and each variable were investigated.ResultsOverall, 33 portal veins and 64 hepatic veins were analyzed. Follow-up scans showed occlusion in 12/33 (36.7%) portal veins and 17/64 (26.6%) hepatic veins. Vessels within the ablation zone were occluded significantly more frequently than vessels adjacent to the ablation zone (portal: 55.6% [10/18] vs 13.3% [2/15], P = .04; hepatic: 45.4% [15/33] vs 6.4% [2/31], P = .011). Vessels with a diameter < 4 mm were also occluded significantly more frequently than vessels with a diameter ≥ 4 mm (portal: 72.7% [8/11] vs 18.1% [4/22], P = .011; hepatic: 54.8% [17/31] vs 0% [0/33], P < .001). The respective positive and negative predictive values for occlusion of vessels categorized as both within and < 4 mm were 88% (7/8) and 82% (20/25) for portal veins and 79% (15/19) and 96% (43/45) for hepatic veins.ConclusionsMidterm vessel occlusion after liver IRE could be predicted with relatively high accuracy by assessing ablation location and vessel diameter.     

Changes in brain glucose metabolism and connectivity in somatoform disorders: an 18F-FDG PET study

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience - Somatoform disorders (SFD) are defined as a syndrome characterized by somatic symptoms which cannot be explained by organic reasons....     

云南省德宏州2017年婚检人群HIV感染率及影响因素分析

  目的  了解2017年德宏州进行婚前医学检查人群中的（human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染状况并分析其影响因素。  方法  整理2017年德宏州的婚检人群数据，描述分析其人口学特征，并使用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析相应的影响因素。  结果  2017年德宏州共有21 875例婚检者参与HIV检测，有98人确证为HIV抗体阳性，HIV感染率为0.45%，男性感染率为0.47%（52/10 955），女性感染率为0.42%（46/10 920）。98例感染者中有20名感染者为首次新报告阳性，感染途径以性传播感染为主，占81.63%（80/98）。Logistic多因素回归分析显示:年龄、民族、是否吸毒是婚检人群HIV感染的影响因素。相对于25岁以下人群，31~、41~岁年龄组人群HIV感染危险性增加（OR=3.78，95%CI:1.81~7.89，P<0.001；OR=3.95，95%CI:1.72~9.08，P=0.001）；傣族、景颇族的HIV感染危险性高于汉族（OR=1.86，95%CI:1.06~3.29，P=0.031；OR=3.25，95%CI:1.81~5.84，P<0.001）。吸毒人群的HIV感染危险性远高于不吸毒人群（OR=926.76，95%CI:271.65~3161.71，P<0.001）。  结论  年龄、民族、是否吸毒为婚检人群HIV感染的影响因素，需要对危险因素采取针对性措施。HIV感染途径以性传播感染为主，通过婚检可以有效发现并控制HIV传播。     

Isoflurane preconditioning ameliorates electromagnetic pulse-induced neural damage by shifting microglia polarization toward anti-inflammatory phenotype via upregulation of SOCS1

With the speedy technological advances during the past few decades, human exposure to the electromagnetic field (EMF) has become increasingly common. Exposure to EMF may induce neural injuries and dysfunction of various organs, likely involving neuroinflammation and activation of microglial cells. Isoflurane preconditioning (IP) is shown to provide neuroprotection in various neurological diseases by inhibiting excessive neuroinflammatory responses. Brain samples harvested from rats exposed to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with or without IP were subjected to qPCR, Western blot assay, and immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory microglia markers and a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) siRNA was used in cultured N9 microglia cells to examine the roles of SOCS1 in the effect of IP. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, EMP-exposed microglia were predominantly pro-inflammatory microglia, accompanied by increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and activation of TLR4 pathway, leading to neuronal death. IP reversed the changes induced by EMP and switched the activated microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. SOCS1 siRNA abolished the beneficial effects of IP. IP ameliorates EMP-induced neural injuries by shifting microglia polarization from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype via upregulation of SOCS1.     

冠心病主动康复的今天和明天

2020年，欧洲预防心脏病学协会明确提出了以运动康复为主的心脏康复在心血管疾病和代谢疾病管理中的重要作用，并呼吁大家行动起来。本文从冠心病运动康复基础和临床研究进展、运动康复减少冠心病并发症、各国运动康复指南和新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下运动康复的实施4个维度探讨冠心病个体化主动运动康复的现状和将来，以期为研究和临床工作的开展提供参考。